Abstract
T2–3 sympathetic block and radiofrequency ablation are performed for chronic intractable upper extremity pain, CRPS (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome), and sometimes for ischemia or hyperhidrosis of the hands. This chapter provides a step-by-step guide on how to perform this intervention safely and shows all the relevant C-arm and needle positions that need to be demonstrated during the Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice (FIPP) exam administered by the World Institute of Pain (WIP). Both native and edited high-quality images are included, so the fluoroscopy anatomy is more easily understood.
Possible complications of the procedures and common reasons for failure at the FIPP exam are also outlined. Evidence for the procedure is provided based on the available literature reviewed by the Benelux section of WIP and also by the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP).
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Suggested Reading
Kim WH, Lee CJ, Kim TH, Shin BS, Sim WS. The optimal oblique angle of fluoroscope for thoracic sympathetic ganglion block. Clin Auton Res. 2011;21(2):89–96.
Skaebuland C, Racz GB. Indications and technique of thoracic(2) and thoracic(3) neurolysis. Curr Rev Pain. 1999;3:400–5.
Skaebuland C, Racz GB. Thoracic (T2-3) ganglion block. In: Diwan S, Staats PS, editors. Atlas of pain medicine procedures. New York: McGraw-Hill Education/Medical; 2014. p. 349–56.
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The Thoracic Sympathetic Block and Radiofrequency Ablation chapter was reviewed by Sandra van den Huevel; Miles Day; Pierluigi Manchiaro; Sudhir Diwan; Andrea M. Trescot; Milan Stojanovic; Peter S. Staats; Andre M. Mansano.
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Stogicza, A.R. (2020). Thoracic Sympathetic Block and Radiofrequency Ablation. In: Stogicza, A.R., Mansano, A.M., Trescot, A.M., Staats, P.S. (eds) Interventional Pain . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31741-6_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31741-6_11
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